Ben-Alan-AlkaliMetals-G

[[image:table.gif]]
<- The collum in blue is the alkali metals group.


 * Charasteristics of Alkali Metals**
 * The crystal stucture is cubic
 * The Alkali Metals are the most reactive and are not found freely in the nature
 * They have only one valence electrons
 * They are good conductors of heat and electricity
 * They are softer than most metals
 * They are silvery in color
 * They have low melting points and are very soft and have low densities
 * They can exoplode if contacted with water

__**The Elements**__
 * Lithium (Li)**
 * Discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817
 * Named from the Greek Word Lithos (Stone)
 * Obtained from passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride.
 * Priced at $300/lb
 * Is found in batteries, ceramics, special glass, lubricants, air-conditioning, and treatments of bipolar diseases, sunglasses, submarines, swimming pools, paper, and rockets.
 * **Atomic Number:** 3
 * **Atomic Mass:** 6.941 amu
 * **Melting Point:** 180.54 °C (453.69 K, 356.972 °F)
 * **Boiling Point:** 1347.0 °C (1620.15 K, 2456.6 °F)
 * **Number of Protons/Electrons:** 3
 * **Number of Neutrons:** 4
 * **Crystal Structure:** Cubic
 * **Density @ 293 K:** 0.53 g/cm3
 * **Color:** silvery
 * **Isotope** || **Half Life** ||
 * Li-6 || Stable ||
 * Li-7 || Stable ||


 * Sodium (Na)**
 * Discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807.
 * The name origins from soda (Na2CO3 )
 * The symbol is origins from the Latin word natrium (sodium).
 * Sodium is obtained from table salts and other foods.
 * Price at $35/lb
 * Can be cut with a knife
 * **Atomic Number:** 11
 * **Atomic Mass:** 22.98977 amu
 * **Melting Point:** 97.8 °C (370.95 K, 208.04001 °F)
 * **Boiling Point:** 552.9 °C (826.05005 K, 1027.2201 °F)
 * **Number of Protons/Electrons:** 11
 * **Number of Neutrons:** 12
 * **Crystal Structure:** Cubic
 * **Density @ 293 K:** 0.971 g/cm3
 * **Color:** silvery
 * **Isotope** || **Half Life** ||
 * Na-22 || 2.6 years ||
 * Na-23 || Stable ||
 * Na-24 || 14.96 hours ||


 * Potassium (K)**
 * Discovered by Sir Humphrey Davis in 1807.
 * The name comes from Potash.
 * Symbol origins from the Latin word kalium.
 * Obtained from minerals (carnallite)
 * Priced at $40/lb
 * **Atomic Number:** 19
 * **Atomic Mass:** 39.0983 amu
 * **Melting Point:** 63.65 °C (336.8 K, 146.57 °F)
 * **Boiling Point:** 774.0 °C (1047.15 K, 1425.2 °F)
 * **Number of Protons/Electrons:** 19
 * **Number of Neutrons:** 20
 * **Crystal Structure:** Cubic
 * **Density @ 293 K:** 0.862 g/cm3
 * **Color:** silvery


 * **Isotope** || **Half Life** ||
 * K-39 || Stable ||
 * K-40 || 1.28E9 years ||
 * K-41 || Stable ||
 * K-42 || 12.4 hours ||
 * K-43 || 22.3 hours ||


 * Rubidium (Rb)**
 * Discovered by R. Bunsen in 1861
 * Name origins from the latin word rubidus (red)
 * It is used for catalyst, and photocells
 * obtained from lithium production
 * **Atomic Number:** 37
 * Atomic Mass: **85.4678 amu**
 * Melting Point: 38.89 °C (312.04 K, 102.002 °F)
 * Boiling Point: **688.0 °C (961.15 K, 1270.4 °F)**
 * Number of Protons/Electrons: 37 Number of Neutrons: **48**
 * **Crystal Structure:** Cubic
 * Density @ 293 K: **1.532 g/cm3**
 * **Color:** silver
 * **Isotope** || **Half Life** ||
 * Rb-81 || 4.57 hours ||
 * Rb-82 || 2.25 minutes ||
 * Rb-83 || 86.2 days ||
 * Rb-84 || 32.9 days ||
 * Rb-85 || Stable ||
 * Rb-86 || 18.65 days ||
 * Rb-87 || 4.8E10 years ||
 * Rb-88 || 17.7 minutes ||
 * Rb-89 || 15.44 minutes ||
 * Rb-90 || 2.6 minutes ||
 * Rb-90m || 4.3 minutes ||


 * Cesium (Cs)**
 * Discovered by Fustov Kirchoff in 1860
 * Name origins from the latin word caesius (sky blue)
 * It is used for removing air traces in vacuum tubes
 * Obtained from pollucite, and lepidolite
 * Atomic Number: **55**
 * Atomic Mass: 132.90546 amu
 * Melting Point: **28.5 °C (301.65 K, 83.3 °F**
 * Boiling Point: 678.4 °C (951.55005 K, 1253.12 °F)
 * Number of Protons/Electrons: **55**
 * Number of Neutrons: 78
 * Crystal Structure: **Cubic**
 * Density @ 293 K: 1.873 g/cm3
 * **Color:** silver
 * **Isotope** || **Half Life** ||
 * Cs-126 || 1.6 minutes ||
 * Cs-129 || 1.3 days ||
 * Cs-131 || 9.7 days ||
 * Cs-132 || 6.4 days ||
 * Cs-133 || Stable ||
 * Cs-134 || 2.1 years ||
 * Cs-134m || 2.9 hours ||
 * Cs-135 || 2300000.0 years ||
 * Cs-136 || 13.2 days ||
 * Cs-137 || 30.2 years ||
 * Cs-138 || 32.2 minutes ||
 * Cs-139 || 9.3 minutes ||

> >>
 * Francium (Fr)**
 * Discovered by Marguerite Derey in 1939
 * Named after France
 * No know uses
 * Obtained from the decay of actinium
 * **Atomic Number:** 87
 * **Atomic Mass:** (223.0) amu
 * **Melting Point:** 27.0 °C (300.15 K, 80.6 °F)
 * **Boiling Point:** 677.0 °C (950.15 K, 1250.6 °F)
 * **Number of Protons/Electrons:** 87
 * **Number of Neutrons:** 136
 * **Crystal** **Structure:** Cubic
 * **Density @ 293 K:** Unknown
 * **Color:** Unknown
 * **Isotope** || **Half Life** ||
 * Fr-212 || 20.0 minutes ||
 * Fr-221 || 4.8 minutes ||
 * Fr-222 || 14.3 minutes ||
 * Fr-223 || 21.8 minutes ||

Cesium: Attacks glass Rubidium: It ignites spontaneously in air It colors a flame yellowish-violet
 * Special Facts:**

•http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rb/key.html •http://www.mii.org/Minerals/photorubidium.html •http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA4/STILLS64/PR_elt/Rb/Rb_element/0.JPG •http://www.lenntech.com/Periodic-chart-elements/Cs-en.27.gif •http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Cs/key.html •http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cs.html •http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Fr/key.html •http://www.seilnacht.com/Lexikon/pechble2.JPG •http://www.chemsoc.org/visElements/pages/francium.html •http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkali.html •http://www.mvschools.org/ms/academics/science/elements/greenpotassium/greenpotassium.html
 * Bibliography:**