chem_C_noblegases

They have the maximum number of electrons in their outer shell making them stable.**
 * Noble gases are found in group 8 of the periodic table

Noble gases are: [|HELIUM] Atomic number:2 Atomic weight: 4.0003 amu Neutrons:2 Period:1 Melting Point: -272C, 1.15K, -457.6F Boiling Point: -268C, 4.5K, -451.48F Crystal Structure:Hexagonal Energy Levels:1 Density: .1785 g/cm Cubed No Color Discovery: 1895, Sir William Ramsey Name Origin: Greek helios meaning sun Phase:Gas Uses: Balloons,Deep sea Diving Obtained From: natural gas deposit, air Electron configuration:2

[|NEON] Atomic Number: 10 Atomic Weight: 20.180 Neutrons: 10 Period:2 Melting Point: -248.6C, 24.5K, -415F Boiling Point: -246.1C, 27.04K, -410.98F Energy Levels:2 Density: .901 g/cm cubed No Color Discovered- 1898 Sir William Ramsey Name Origin: Greek Neos meaning New Phase: Gas(Sometimes considered plasma) Uses: Signs, Lights Obtained From: liquid air Electron configuration:2,8

[|ARGON] Atomic Number:18 Atomic Weight:39.948 Neutrons:22 Period:3 Melting Point: -189.3C, 83.85K, -308.74F Boiling Point: -186C, 87.15K, -302.8F Energy Levels:3 Density:1.784 g/cm cubed No Color Discovered: 1894, Sir William Ramsey Name: Greek argon meaning inactive Phase:Gas Uses: Age dating(Can bond with potassium)and lighting Obtained From: air Electron configuration:2,8,8

[|KRYPTON] Atomic Number:36 Atomic Weight:83.8 Neutrons:48 Period:4 Melting Point: -157.2C, 115.9K, -250.9F Boiling Point: -153.4C, 119.7K, -244.12F Density: 3.74 g/cm cubed No Color Discovered:1898, Sir William Ramsey Name: Greek Krypton meaning hidden Phase:Gas Uses:Finding International Length Standard, Lighting Obtained From: production of liquid air Electron configuration:2,8,18,8

[|XENON] Atomic Number:54 Atomic Weight:131.290 Neutrons:77 Period:5 Melting Point: -111.9C, 161.25K, -169.42F Boiling Point: -108.1C, 165.05K, 162.58F Energy Levels: 5 Density: 5.8971 g/cm cubed No Color Discovery: 1898 Sir William Ramsey Name Origin: Greek Xenon meaning stranger Phase:Gas Uses: Powerful Lamps, Bubble Chambers Obtained From: liquid air Electron configuration:2,8,18,18,8

[|RADON] Atomic Number:86 Atomic Weight:222.018 Neutrons:136 Period:6 Melting Point: -71C, 202.15K, -95.8F Boiling Point: -61.8C, 211.35K, -79.24F Density : 9.73 g/cm cubed Energy Levels: 6 Discovery: 1898 Frederich Ernst Dorn Name Origin: Comes from Radium, which is used to make Radon Phase:Gas Uses:Cancer Treatment Obtained From: decay of radium Electron configuration:2,8,18,32,18,8


 * Common Reactions of Noble Gases:**
 * Fairly nonreactive
 * Complete valence shell
 * High ionization energies
 * Very low electronegativities
 * Low boiling points (all gases at room temperature)

Krypton forms KrF2, a colourless solid, on reaction with fluorine. Xenon forms a wide range of compounds with oxygen and fluorine. The other noble gases don’t react.
 * Reactivity Trends:**

Helium
 * **[|Physical Properties:]** ||
 * **Helium** has a boiling point of 4.2K under 1 atm pressure, the lowest boiling point of any substance.
 * When an electric current is passed through a tube which contains **Neon** gas at a low pressure gas, it has a red-orange glow.
 * **Argon** is colourless, odourless and tasteless. It makes up 0.934% of air.
 * **Krypton** is a dense, colorless, odorless atmospheric gas.
 * **Xenon** is a heavy, unreactive stable gas. When Xenon atoms are sufficiently energized, they produce a brilliant white light. ||
 * **[|Abundance:]** ||
 * helium is extracted from natural gas wells
 * argon are present in about 1% of the Earth's atmosphere, other noble gases are present in trace amounts
 * radon is a radioactive gas produced from the radioactive decay of the element radium ||
 * **Common Compounds and Usages:** ||
 * helium is used to fill balloons, blimps, pressurize liquid fuel in rockets
 * helium and argon are used in arc welding and metallurgical processes to protect materials from reacting with nitrogen and oxygen in the air
 * argon and nitrogen are used to fill light bulbs and fluorescent tubes to prolong the filament life
 * krypton is used to increase the efficiency and brightness of flashlight bulbs and electronic flash in photography
 * neon is used to produce the bright orange-red light when electric current is passed through a tube of neon gas at low pressure ||

Neon

Argon

Krypton

Xenon

Radon